tables: keep wrapped labels in TSR output

* tables: prefer rect edges in cell-grid fallback

* Bump version from 1.8.1 to 1.8.2

napi/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@firecrawl/pdf-inspector",
-  "version": "1.6.0",
+  "version": "1.8.3",
   "description": "Fast PDF classification and text extraction. Detect text-based vs scanned PDFs, extract text by region with quality checks. Native Rust performance via napi-rs.",
   "main": "index.js",
   "types": "index.d.ts",

napi/src/lib.rs

@@ -99,6 +99,13 @@ pub struct PageRegionTexts {
     pub regions: Vec<RegionText>,
 }
 
+/// Vector-grid detection result compatible with `extractTablesWithStructure*`.
+#[napi(object)]
+pub struct VectorGridDetectionJs {
+    pub structure_tokens: Vec<String>,
+    pub cell_bboxes: Vec<Vec<f64>>,
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Helpers
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -317,6 +324,53 @@ pub fn extract_tables_in_regions(
     })
 }
 
+/// Detect a vector ruled-line / rectangle grid inside one page region.
+///
+/// Returns TSR-compatible structure tokens plus crop-pixel cell bboxes, or
+/// `null` when the region does not contain a valid vector grid.
+///
+/// `pageIdx` is 0-indexed. `regionPdfPtBbox` is `[x1,y1,x2,y2]` in PDF
+/// points with top-left origin. `renderDpi` is the DPI of the crop image that
+/// will consume the returned cell bboxes.
+#[napi]
+pub fn detect_vector_grid_in_region(
+    buffer: Buffer,
+    page_idx: u32,
+    region_pdf_pt_bbox: Vec<f64>,
+    render_dpi: f64,
+) -> Result<Option<VectorGridDetectionJs>> {
+    let bytes: Vec<u8> = buffer.to_vec();
+    let region = if region_pdf_pt_bbox.len() == 4 {
+        [
+            region_pdf_pt_bbox[0] as f32,
+            region_pdf_pt_bbox[1] as f32,
+            region_pdf_pt_bbox[2] as f32,
+            region_pdf_pt_bbox[3] as f32,
+        ]
+    } else {
+        [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+    };
+
+    catch_panic("detect_vector_grid_in_region", move || {
+        let result = pdf_inspector::detect_vector_grid_in_region_mem(
+            &bytes,
+            page_idx,
+            region,
+            render_dpi as f32,
+        )
+        .map_err(|e| to_napi_err(e, "detect_vector_grid_in_region"))?;
+
+        Ok(result.map(|r| VectorGridDetectionJs {
+            structure_tokens: r.structure_tokens,
+            cell_bboxes: r
+                .cell_bboxes
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|bbox| bbox.into_iter().map(|v| v as f64).collect())
+                .collect(),
+        }))
+    })
+}
+
 /// One cropped table region plus its raw structure-recovery output, for
 /// `extractTablesWithStructure`.
 ///
@@ -422,6 +476,54 @@ pub fn extract_tables_with_structure_cells(
     })
 }
 
+/// One result from `extractTablesWithStructureAuto` — markdown plus a
+/// diagnostic flag identifying which path produced it.
+///
+/// `fallbackReason` is `null` when the TSR-hybrid path produced the
+/// markdown directly. When stage 1's quality check fires (the cells
+/// look like a SLANet detection pathology — phantom rows or multi-row
+/// content in a single cell), the auto path may expand the TSR cells
+/// in-place or run the heuristic table extractor on the same region.
+/// `fallbackReason` carries the diagnostic label (for example
+/// `"multi_row_in_cell_expanded"` or `"phantom_empty_row"`).
+#[napi(object)]
+pub struct TableExtractionResultJs {
+    pub markdown: String,
+    pub fallback_reason: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Auto-fallback variant of [`extractTablesWithStructure`].
+///
+/// Runs the TSR-hybrid path, checks the resulting cells for known
+/// SLANet detection pathologies, expands multi-row cells in-place when
+/// possible, and otherwise falls back to the heuristic
+/// `extractTablesInRegions` for inputs where the TSR path looks
+/// compromised.
+///
+/// On clean inputs this returns identical markdown to
+/// `extractTablesWithStructure`; on flagged inputs `fallbackReason` is
+/// set to the recovery path that produced the result.
+#[napi]
+pub fn extract_tables_with_structure_auto(
+    buffer: Buffer,
+    inputs: Vec<TsrTableInputJs>,
+) -> Result<Vec<TableExtractionResultJs>> {
+    let bytes: Vec<u8> = buffer.to_vec();
+    let parsed = parse_tsr_inputs(&inputs);
+
+    catch_panic("extract_tables_with_structure_auto", move || {
+        let result = pdf_inspector::extract_tables_with_structure_auto_mem(&bytes, &parsed)
+            .map_err(|e| to_napi_err(e, "extract_tables_with_structure_auto"))?;
+        Ok(result
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|r| TableExtractionResultJs {
+                markdown: r.markdown,
+                fallback_reason: r.fallback_reason,
+            })
+            .collect())
+    })
+}
+
 fn parse_tsr_inputs(inputs: &[TsrTableInputJs]) -> Vec<pdf_inspector::TsrTableInput> {
     inputs
         .iter()

napi/test.mjs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   extractText,
   extractTextWithPositions,
   extractTextInRegions,
+  detectVectorGridInRegion,
   extractPagesMarkdown,
 } from './index.js';
 
@@ -90,6 +91,17 @@ assert.equal(typeof regionResults[0].regions[0].text, 'string');
 assert.equal(typeof regionResults[0].regions[0].needsOcr, 'boolean');
 console.log('  extractTextInRegions: OK');
 
+// --- detectVectorGridInRegion ---
+console.log('Testing detectVectorGridInRegion...');
+const vectorGrid = detectVectorGridInRegion(fixture, 0, [0, 0, 600, 800], 72);
+assert.ok(vectorGrid === null || typeof vectorGrid === 'object');
+if (vectorGrid) {
+  assert.ok(Array.isArray(vectorGrid.structureTokens));
+  assert.ok(Array.isArray(vectorGrid.cellBboxes));
+  assert.ok(vectorGrid.cellBboxes.every(bbox => Array.isArray(bbox) && bbox.length === 4));
+}
+console.log('  detectVectorGridInRegion: OK');
+
 // --- extractPagesMarkdown ---
 console.log('Testing extractPagesMarkdown...');
 

src/bin/detect_pdf.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 //! CLI tool for detecting PDF type (text-based vs scanned)
 
-use pdf_inspector::{detect_pdf_type, process_pdf_with_options, PdfOptions, PdfType, ProcessMode};
+use pdf_inspector::{
+    detect_pdf_type, detector::estimate_page_count_from_bytes, process_pdf_with_options,
+    PdfOptions, PdfType, ProcessMode,
+};
 use std::env;
 use std::fmt::Write;
+use std::fs;
 use std::process;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
@@ -64,6 +68,32 @@ fn pdf_type_str(pdf_type: &PdfType) -> &'static str {
     }
 }
 
+fn page_count_hint(pdf_path: &str) -> Option<u32> {
+    fs::read(pdf_path)
+        .ok()
+        .map(|bytes| estimate_page_count_from_bytes(&bytes))
+        .filter(|&count| count > 0)
+}
+
+fn print_error(e: &pdf_inspector::PdfError, pdf_path: &str, json_output: bool) {
+    if json_output {
+        if let Some(count) = page_count_hint(pdf_path) {
+            println!(
+                r#"{{"error":"{}","page_count_hint":{}}}"#,
+                json_escape(&e.to_string()),
+                count
+            );
+        } else {
+            println!(r#"{{"error":"{}"}}"#, json_escape(&e.to_string()));
+        }
+    } else {
+        eprintln!("Error: {}", e);
+        if let Some(count) = page_count_hint(pdf_path) {
+            eprintln!("Page count hint: {}", count);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn run_analyze(pdf_path: &str, json_output: bool, start: Instant) {
     match process_pdf_with_options(pdf_path, PdfOptions::new().mode(ProcessMode::Analyze)) {
         Ok(result) => {
@@ -135,11 +165,7 @@ fn run_analyze(pdf_path: &str, json_output: bool, start: Instant) {
             }
         }
         Err(e) => {
-            if json_output {
-                println!(r#"{{"error":"{}"}}"#, e);
-            } else {
-                eprintln!("Error: {}", e);
-            }
+            print_error(&e, pdf_path, json_output);
             process::exit(1);
         }
     }
@@ -236,11 +262,7 @@ fn run_detect_only(pdf_path: &str, json_output: bool, start: Instant) {
             }
         }
         Err(e) => {
-            if json_output {
-                println!(r#"{{"error":"{}"}}"#, e);
-            } else {
-                eprintln!("Error: {}", e);
-            }
+            print_error(&e, pdf_path, json_output);
             process::exit(1);
         }
     }

src/detector.rs

@@ -97,26 +97,9 @@ pub fn detect_pdf_type_with_config<P: AsRef<Path>>(
 ) -> Result<PdfTypeResult, PdfError> {
     crate::validate_pdf_file(&path)?;
 
-    // First, load metadata only (fast operation)
-    let metadata = match Document::load_metadata(&path) {
-        Ok(m) => m,
-        Err(ref e) if crate::is_encrypted_lopdf_error(e) => {
-            Document::load_metadata_with_password(&path, "")?
-        }
-        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-    };
+    let (doc, page_count) = crate::load_document_from_path(&path)?;
 
-    // Then load the full document for content inspection
-    // We use filtered loading to skip heavy objects we don't need
-    let doc = match Document::load(&path) {
-        Ok(d) => d,
-        Err(ref e) if crate::is_encrypted_lopdf_error(e) => {
-            Document::load_with_password(&path, "")?
-        }
-        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-    };
-
-    detect_from_document(&doc, metadata.page_count, &config)
+    detect_from_document(&doc, page_count, &config)
 }
 
 /// Detect PDF type from memory buffer
@@ -131,25 +114,64 @@ pub fn detect_pdf_type_mem_with_config(
 ) -> Result<PdfTypeResult, PdfError> {
     crate::validate_pdf_bytes(buffer)?;
 
-    // Load metadata first (fast)
-    let metadata = match Document::load_metadata_mem(buffer) {
-        Ok(m) => m,
-        Err(ref e) if crate::is_encrypted_lopdf_error(e) => {
-            Document::load_metadata_mem_with_password(buffer, "")?
-        }
-        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-    };
+    let (doc, page_count) = crate::load_document_from_mem(buffer)?;
 
-    // Load document for inspection
-    let doc = match Document::load_mem(buffer) {
-        Ok(d) => d,
-        Err(ref e) if crate::is_encrypted_lopdf_error(e) => {
-            Document::load_mem_with_options(buffer, lopdf::LoadOptions::with_password(""))?
-        }
-        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-    };
+    detect_from_document(&doc, page_count, &config)
+}
 
-    detect_from_document(&doc, metadata.page_count, &config)
+/// Heuristic page-count fallback for malformed PDFs that cannot be parsed.
+///
+/// This scans raw bytes for page dictionaries (`/Type /Page`) while excluding
+/// the page tree node (`/Type /Pages`). It is intended as a low-confidence hint
+/// for diagnostics; parsed page-tree counts remain authoritative.
+pub fn estimate_page_count_from_bytes(buffer: &[u8]) -> u32 {
+    let mut count = 0u32;
+    let mut pos = 0usize;
+
+    while let Some(rel_idx) = find_bytes(&buffer[pos..], b"/Type") {
+        let mut value_pos = pos + rel_idx + b"/Type".len();
+        value_pos = skip_pdf_whitespace(buffer, value_pos);
+
+        if buffer.get(value_pos) == Some(&b'/') {
+            let name_start = value_pos + 1;
+            let name_end = name_start + b"Page".len();
+            if name_end <= buffer.len()
+                && &buffer[name_start..name_end] == b"Page"
+                && buffer
+                    .get(name_end)
+                    .is_none_or(|b| is_pdf_name_delimiter(*b))
+            {
+                count += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        pos += rel_idx + b"/Type".len();
+    }
+
+    count
+}
+
+fn find_bytes(haystack: &[u8], needle: &[u8]) -> Option<usize> {
+    haystack.windows(needle.len()).position(|w| w == needle)
+}
+
+fn skip_pdf_whitespace(buffer: &[u8], mut pos: usize) -> usize {
+    while pos < buffer.len() && is_pdf_whitespace(buffer[pos]) {
+        pos += 1;
+    }
+    pos
+}
+
+fn is_pdf_whitespace(byte: u8) -> bool {
+    matches!(byte, b'\0' | b'\t' | b'\n' | 0x0C | b'\r' | b' ')
+}
+
+fn is_pdf_name_delimiter(byte: u8) -> bool {
+    is_pdf_whitespace(byte)
+        || matches!(
+            byte,
+            b'(' | b')' | b'<' | b'>' | b'[' | b']' | b'{' | b'}' | b'/' | b'%'
+        )
 }
 
 /// Detection logic on a pre-loaded document.

src/extractor/mod.rs

@@ -36,26 +36,14 @@ pub(crate) use layout::ColumnRegion;
 /// Extract text from PDF file as plain string
 pub fn extract_text<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<String, PdfError> {
     crate::validate_pdf_file(&path)?;
-    let doc = match Document::load(&path) {
-        Ok(d) => d,
-        Err(ref e) if crate::is_encrypted_lopdf_error(e) => {
-            Document::load_with_password(&path, "")?
-        }
-        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-    };
+    let (doc, _) = crate::load_document_from_path(&path)?;
     extract_text_from_doc(&doc)
 }
 
 /// Extract text from PDF memory buffer
 pub fn extract_text_mem(buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<String, PdfError> {
     crate::validate_pdf_bytes(buffer)?;
-    let doc = match Document::load_mem(buffer) {
-        Ok(d) => d,
-        Err(ref e) if crate::is_encrypted_lopdf_error(e) => {
-            Document::load_mem_with_options(buffer, lopdf::LoadOptions::with_password(""))?
-        }
-        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-    };
+    let (doc, _) = crate::load_document_from_mem(buffer)?;
     extract_text_from_doc(&doc)
 }
 
@@ -91,13 +79,7 @@ pub(crate) fn extract_text_with_positions_and_rects<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     page_filter: Option<&HashSet<u32>>,
 ) -> Result<PageExtraction, PdfError> {
     crate::validate_pdf_file(&path)?;
-    let doc = match Document::load(&path) {
-        Ok(d) => d,
-        Err(ref e) if crate::is_encrypted_lopdf_error(e) => {
-            Document::load_with_password(&path, "")?
-        }
-        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-    };
+    let (doc, _) = crate::load_document_from_path(&path)?;
     let font_cmaps = FontCMaps::from_doc(&doc);
     let (extraction, _thresholds, _gid_pages) =
         extract_positioned_text_from_doc(&doc, &font_cmaps, page_filter)?;
@@ -124,13 +106,7 @@ pub(crate) fn extract_text_with_positions_mem_and_rects(
     page_filter: Option<&HashSet<u32>>,
 ) -> Result<PageExtraction, PdfError> {
     crate::validate_pdf_bytes(buffer)?;
-    let doc = match Document::load_mem(buffer) {
-        Ok(d) => d,
-        Err(ref e) if crate::is_encrypted_lopdf_error(e) => {
-            Document::load_mem_with_options(buffer, lopdf::LoadOptions::with_password(""))?
-        }
-        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-    };
+    let (doc, _) = crate::load_document_from_mem(buffer)?;
     let font_cmaps = FontCMaps::from_doc(&doc);
     let (extraction, _thresholds, _gid_pages) =
         extract_positioned_text_from_doc(&doc, &font_cmaps, page_filter)?;

src/tables/detect_rects.rs

@@ -1587,25 +1587,69 @@ fn detect_row_stripe_table_from_cell_rects(
         return None;
     }
 
-    // Derive columns from text X-position clustering
+    // Derive columns from text X-position clustering, but prefer rect
+    // X-edges when they already provide a tighter scaffold.  Some PDFs draw
+    // only the row-index cells in the body plus a full header row; that is
+    // not dense enough for `try_build_grid`, but the header rects still define
+    // the real columns.  Text starts inside wide cells can otherwise split the
+    // table into spurious sub-columns.
     let columns = cluster_x_positions(&page_items, 15.0);
-    if columns.len() < 2 {
+    let text_col_edges = if columns.len() >= 2 {
+        let mut edges: Vec<f32> = Vec::with_capacity(columns.len() + 1);
+        let min_x = page_items.iter().map(|(_, i)| i.x).reduce(f32::min)?;
+        edges.push(min_x - 5.0);
+        for pair in columns.windows(2) {
+            edges.push((pair[0] + pair[1]) / 2.0);
+        }
+        let max_x_right = page_items
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(_, i)| i.x + i.width)
+            .reduce(f32::max)?;
+        edges.push(max_x_right + 5.0);
+        Some(edges)
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    let rect_col_edges = {
+        let mut x_vals = Vec::with_capacity(content_rects.len() * 2);
+        for &&(x, _, w, _) in &content_rects {
+            x_vals.push(x);
+            x_vals.push(x + w);
+        }
+        let mut edges = snap_edges(&x_vals, 6.0);
+        edges.sort_by(|a, b| a.total_cmp(b));
+        if (3..=26).contains(&edges.len()) {
+            Some(edges)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    };
+
+    let col_edges = match (rect_col_edges, text_col_edges) {
+        (Some(rect_edges), Some(text_edges)) if rect_edges.len() <= text_edges.len() => {
+            debug!(
+                "  cell-rect using {} rect-derived columns over {} text clusters",
+                rect_edges.len() - 1,
+                text_edges.len() - 1
+            );
+            rect_edges
+        }
+        (_, Some(text_edges)) => text_edges,
+        (Some(rect_edges), None) => rect_edges,
+        (None, None) => {
+            debug!(
+                "  cell-rect rejected: only {} columns from text clustering",
+                columns.len()
+            );
+            return None;
+        }
+    };
+
+    if col_edges.len() < 3 {
         return None;
     }
 
-    // Build column edges
-    let mut col_edges: Vec<f32> = Vec::with_capacity(columns.len() + 1);
-    let min_x = page_items.iter().map(|(_, i)| i.x).reduce(f32::min)?;
-    col_edges.push(min_x - 5.0);
-    for pair in columns.windows(2) {
-        col_edges.push((pair[0] + pair[1]) / 2.0);
-    }
-    let max_x_right = page_items
-        .iter()
-        .map(|(_, i)| i.x + i.width)
-        .reduce(f32::max)?;
-    col_edges.push(max_x_right + 5.0);
-
     let num_cols = col_edges.len() - 1;
     let num_rows = row_edges.len() - 1;
 

src/tables/structured.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 //! Cell text is supplied separately by the caller (typically by overlap-
 //! testing PDF text items against each cell's page-PDF-pt bbox).
 
-use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
 /// A single resolved cell, with both structural metadata and its bbox in
 /// page PDF-points (top-left origin).
@@ -219,6 +219,144 @@ pub(crate) fn cell_px_to_page_pt(
     ]
 }
 
+/// Refine TSR cell bboxes into non-overlapping row/column bands.
+///
+/// SLANet-style bboxes are often plausible but too tall on dense borderless
+/// tables. Native PDF text assignment is more reliable when each parsed row
+/// owns the band between neighboring row centers instead of the full model box.
+pub(crate) fn normalize_cell_bands(cells: &mut [StructuredCell]) {
+    if cells.len() < 2 {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let row_bands = derive_axis_bands(cells, Axis::Y);
+    let col_bands = derive_axis_bands(cells, Axis::X);
+
+    for cell in cells {
+        let row_end = cell.row + cell.rowspan.max(1).saturating_sub(1);
+        if let (Some(&(y1, _)), Some(&(_, y2))) =
+            (row_bands.get(&cell.row), row_bands.get(&row_end))
+        {
+            let clamped_y1 = cell.page_pt_bbox[1].max(y1);
+            let clamped_y2 = cell.page_pt_bbox[3].min(y2);
+            if clamped_y1 < clamped_y2 {
+                cell.page_pt_bbox[1] = clamped_y1;
+                cell.page_pt_bbox[3] = clamped_y2;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let col_end = cell.col + cell.colspan.max(1).saturating_sub(1);
+        if let (Some(&(x1, _)), Some(&(_, x2))) =
+            (col_bands.get(&cell.col), col_bands.get(&col_end))
+        {
+            let clamped_x1 = cell.page_pt_bbox[0].max(x1);
+            let clamped_x2 = cell.page_pt_bbox[2].min(x2);
+            if clamped_x1 < clamped_x2 {
+                cell.page_pt_bbox[0] = clamped_x1;
+                cell.page_pt_bbox[2] = clamped_x2;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum Axis {
+    X,
+    Y,
+}
+
+fn derive_axis_bands(cells: &[StructuredCell], axis: Axis) -> HashMap<usize, (f32, f32)> {
+    let mut by_index: HashMap<usize, Vec<(f32, f32)>> = HashMap::new();
+
+    // Prefer non-spanning cells so colspan/rowspan boxes do not skew a single
+    // column/row center. If an axis has no non-spanning examples for an index,
+    // fall back to anchored cells below.
+    for cell in cells {
+        let span = match axis {
+            Axis::X => cell.colspan.max(1),
+            Axis::Y => cell.rowspan.max(1),
+        };
+        if span == 1 {
+            let idx = match axis {
+                Axis::X => cell.col,
+                Axis::Y => cell.row,
+            };
+            by_index
+                .entry(idx)
+                .or_default()
+                .push(axis_bounds(cell.page_pt_bbox, axis));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for cell in cells {
+        let idx = match axis {
+            Axis::X => cell.col,
+            Axis::Y => cell.row,
+        };
+        if !by_index.contains_key(&idx) {
+            by_index
+                .entry(idx)
+                .or_default()
+                .push(axis_bounds(cell.page_pt_bbox, axis));
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut rows: Vec<(usize, f32, f32, f32)> = by_index
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter_map(|(idx, bounds)| {
+            let mut min_edge = f32::INFINITY;
+            let mut max_edge = f32::NEG_INFINITY;
+            let mut center_sum = 0.0;
+            let mut count = 0usize;
+            for (lo, hi) in bounds {
+                if lo.is_finite() && hi.is_finite() && lo < hi {
+                    min_edge = min_edge.min(lo);
+                    max_edge = max_edge.max(hi);
+                    center_sum += (lo + hi) * 0.5;
+                    count += 1;
+                }
+            }
+            (count > 0).then_some((idx, center_sum / count as f32, min_edge, max_edge))
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    if rows.len() < 2 {
+        return rows
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(idx, _center, lo, hi)| (idx, (lo, hi)))
+            .collect();
+    }
+
+    rows.sort_by_key(|(idx, _, _, _)| *idx);
+
+    let mut bands = HashMap::new();
+    for i in 0..rows.len() {
+        let (idx, _center, min_edge, max_edge) = rows[i];
+        let lo = if i == 0 {
+            min_edge
+        } else {
+            (rows[i - 1].1 + rows[i].1) * 0.5
+        };
+        let hi = if i + 1 == rows.len() {
+            max_edge
+        } else {
+            (rows[i].1 + rows[i + 1].1) * 0.5
+        };
+        if lo.is_finite() && hi.is_finite() && lo < hi {
+            bands.insert(idx, (lo, hi));
+        }
+    }
+
+    bands
+}
+
+fn axis_bounds(bbox: [f32; 4], axis: Axis) -> (f32, f32) {
+    match axis {
+        Axis::X => (bbox[0].min(bbox[2]), bbox[0].max(bbox[2])),
+        Axis::Y => (bbox[1].min(bbox[3]), bbox[1].max(bbox[3])),
+    }
+}
+
 /// Sanitize cell text for inclusion in a markdown pipe-table cell:
 /// collapse whitespace runs, drop newlines/tabs (cells must be one line),
 /// and escape pipes that would otherwise break the table.
@@ -448,6 +586,102 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_cell_bands_splits_overlapping_slanet_rows() {
+        let mut cells = vec![
+            StructuredCell {
+                row: 0,
+                col: 0,
+                rowspan: 1,
+                colspan: 1,
+                is_header: true,
+                text: String::new(),
+                page_pt_bbox: [10.0, 100.0, 90.0, 120.0],
+            },
+            StructuredCell {
+                row: 0,
+                col: 1,
+                rowspan: 1,
+                colspan: 1,
+                is_header: true,
+                text: String::new(),
+                page_pt_bbox: [90.0, 100.0, 170.0, 120.0],
+            },
+            StructuredCell {
+                row: 1,
+                col: 0,
+                rowspan: 1,
+                colspan: 1,
+                is_header: false,
+                text: String::new(),
+                page_pt_bbox: [10.0, 116.0, 90.0, 136.0],
+            },
+            StructuredCell {
+                row: 1,
+                col: 1,
+                rowspan: 1,
+                colspan: 1,
+                is_header: false,
+                text: String::new(),
+                page_pt_bbox: [90.0, 116.0, 170.0, 136.0],
+            },
+        ];
+
+        normalize_cell_bands(&mut cells);
+
+        assert_eq!(cells[0].page_pt_bbox[3], cells[2].page_pt_bbox[1]);
+        assert_eq!(cells[1].page_pt_bbox[3], cells[3].page_pt_bbox[1]);
+        assert!(
+            (cells[0].page_pt_bbox[3] - 118.0).abs() < 0.01,
+            "row separator should be midpoint between row centers: {:?}",
+            cells
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_cell_bands_preserves_colspan_extent() {
+        let mut cells = vec![
+            StructuredCell {
+                row: 0,
+                col: 0,
+                rowspan: 1,
+                colspan: 2,
+                is_header: true,
+                text: String::new(),
+                page_pt_bbox: [8.0, 80.0, 172.0, 98.0],
+            },
+            StructuredCell {
+                row: 1,
+                col: 0,
+                rowspan: 1,
+                colspan: 1,
+                is_header: false,
+                text: String::new(),
+                page_pt_bbox: [10.0, 96.0, 90.0, 114.0],
+            },
+            StructuredCell {
+                row: 1,
+                col: 1,
+                rowspan: 1,
+                colspan: 1,
+                is_header: false,
+                text: String::new(),
+                page_pt_bbox: [88.0, 96.0, 170.0, 114.0],
+            },
+        ];
+
+        normalize_cell_bands(&mut cells);
+
+        assert!(
+            cells[0].page_pt_bbox[0] <= cells[1].page_pt_bbox[0],
+            "spanning cell should retain the first column's left edge"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            cells[0].page_pt_bbox[2] >= cells[2].page_pt_bbox[2],
+            "spanning cell should retain the last column's right edge"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn parse_int_attr_basic() {
         assert_eq!(parse_int_attr(" colspan=\"4\"", "colspan"), Some(4));